The policy presents a framework for providing a safe environment for students and staff in relation to Gender Based Violence (“GBV”) and incidents of sexual assault and sexual harassment. It will outline what behaviours constitute Gender Based Violence, Sexual assault and/or Sexual harassment and set out how the College will respond to such incidents.
Chief Operations Officer
Eastern College Australia is a Christian organisation that upholds biblical precepts by instruction and example. The College is committed to the biblical belief that each person is created in the image of God as a unique individual of dignity and worth. Therefore, the College seeks to ensure that the dignity of every staff member, contractor, volunteer, student and visitor to the College is respected. Staff and students are expected to demonstrate biblical standards of behaviour at all times.
Sexual assault and sexual harassment are unlawful in all States and Territories of Australia under State or Territory legislation and/or under the Commonwealth Sex Discrimination Act, 1984 (as amended in 2011 and again in 2013 to strengthen protections against sexual harassment, including in the workplace). On 3 September 2021, the Sex Discrimination and Fair Work (Respect at Work) Amendment Bill 2021 was passed. The Bill contains important reforms to address sexual harassment in Australian workplaces which were recommended by the Australian Human Rights Commission following its world-leading National Inquiry into Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces, Respect@Work [2].
At the time of this Policy review (June 2025), it was considered necessary to address the Australian Government’s National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022–2032[1] and their First Action Plan 2023-2027[2]. In July 2023, Universities Australia also released their report “Primary Prevention of Sexual Harm in the University Sector – Good Practice Guide. The College upholds the principles of the National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032 and will seek to implement the primary prevention activities discussed in the Universities Australia’s Good Practice Guide (July 2023)”[3]. Therefore, the policy has been renamed Gender-based violence (include sexual assault and sexual harm) policy.
The policy presents a framework for providing a safe environment for students and staff in relation to Gender Based Violence (“GBV”) and incidents of sexual assault and sexual harassment. It will outline what behaviours constitute Gender Based Violence, Sexual assault and/or Sexual harassment and set out how the College will respond to such incidents.
This policy applies College-wide, to all staff, contractors, volunteers, students and other stakeholders whether they be an individual, group or organisation when they engage in employment, study or Eastern-related activities on-campus, at Eastern’s events (off-campus), in the online environment or study Eastern’s courses at partner locations.
For behaviour that occurs in other contexts, aspects of this Policy may apply, especially those related to student support, risk management, precautionary actions and disciplinary actions.
Any persons who believe that a person to whom this Policy applies has engaged in GBV, sexual assault or sexual harassment may bring a complaint under this Policy and associated Procedure regardless of the currency of the incident.
GBV, sexual assault and sexual harassment that occurs within marriage as well as other consensual relationships are within the scope of this Policy.
Gender-based violence
Any type of harm that is perpetrated against a person or group of people because of their perceived sex, gender, sexual orientation and/or gender identity. While victims/survivors of gender-based violence can be anyone, it is important to recognise that the majority of victims/survivors are women, girls and LGBTIQA+ people (particularly trans, gender-diverse and non-binary people). Gender-based violence is deeply rooted in gender inequality and the power inequalities that exist between genders, based in a binary understanding of gender. (Primary Prevention of Sexual Harm in the University Sector – Good Practice Guide (July 2023)). Sexual assault and sexual harassment are each specific forms of Gender-based violence and are further defined below.
Sexual assault
Sexual assault includes a range of behaviours, all of which are unacceptable and constitute a crime. Sexual assault occurs when a person is forced, coerced or tricked into sexual acts against their will or without their consent, including when they have withdrawn their consent (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Sexual assault is any physical contact, or intended contact, of a sexual nature without consent, using physical force, intimidation, deceit, or coercion including sexual intercourse, indecent assault, penetration by objects or other sexual activities.
Sexual harassment
While the definition of sexual harassment varies across Australian (and other) jurisdictions, it generally involves an unwelcome sexual advance, unwelcome request for sexual favours or other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which, in the circumstances, a reasonable person, aware of those circumstances, would anticipate the possibility that the person would feel offended, humiliated, or intimidated (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Sexual harassment may be physical, verbal and can occur online and through media involving information technologies. Sexual harassment may involve unwanted physical contact; such as touching or fondling; staring or leering in a sexual manner; sexually suggestive comments, innuendo or jokes; displaying, sending or circulating sexually explicit pictures or posters; unwanted invitation to go out on dates; unwanted requests for sexual intercourse or sexual contacts; offensive sexual gestures; indecent exposure; intrusive questions about a person’s sexual activities or body; unnecessary familiarity, such as deliberately brushing up against a person; insults or taunts based on the sex of the individual; making promises or threats in relation to sexual favours; conduct of a sexual nature; and sexually explicit telephone calls, emails, SMS text messages, or social media posts and messages.
Some forms of sexual harassment are also criminal behaviour and may be treated as a criminal offence. These include sexual assault; physically touching a person; indecent exposure and obscene phone calls or emails/letters.
Consent to sexual activity
Whilst definitions for consent to sexual activities also vary between jurisdictions, consent is essentially an agreement between people to engage in a sexual activity. Other important elements of consent are that it is mutual, freely given, informed, certain and clear, enthusiastic, reversible, specific and required throughout the activity.
The age of consent[1] to sexual activity varies across Australia and across the world. The age at which a person is able to legally consent to sexual activity is 16 across most parts of Australia, with the exception of South Australia and Tasmania, where the age of consent is 17. The age of consent can also vary across some parts of Australia if there is a relationship of authority between the two parties, such as between someone in a teaching or student service role, where the age of consent then becomes 18 years. Internationally, the age of sexual consent can vary greatly and be as low as 12 years in some countries. It is important that international students receive information about the age of sexual consent in Australia. Students who are from countries where the age of consent to sexual activity is lower than it is in Australia might otherwise assume that the age of consent is the same as in their country of origin (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020). Not saying or not doing anything does not imply consent. Consent cannot be given where a person is unconscious or in a state where they are unable to freely and clearly express consent.(https://kidshelpline.com.au/teens/issues/what-consent [1])
Disclosure
A disclosure involves the sharing of information about an incident with another person. Disclosures can be made to anyone, but usually to someone known and trusted. Disclosures do not necessarily involve formal reporting of the incident but usually seek information and support (UA Guidelines 2018, p.12).
Formal Reporting
Formal reporting is where a formal account or statement is made, and where the person and/or institution has authority to take action if the victim/survivor so wishes or if the circumstances warrant mandatory reporting, including reporting to the Police. Reporting may result from a disclosure, but is not the only possible outcome (UA Guidelines 2018, p.12).
GBV and SASH Contact Officer – First Responder
A Staff member who, as part of their general duties, may provide support and information to anyone who has been subjected to sexual assault or sexual harassment. Where another member of staff has received a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment and is not a first responder, they will provide support and assistance for the reporter to liaise with a First Responder if the reporter wishes to do so (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Active Bystander or upstander
Someone who witnesses and intervenes in a situation involving harassment, bullying, abuse or other harmful/ inappropriate behaviour, with the intention to disrupt, or ‘call out’ the behaviour and prevent the behaviour from continuing (VicHealth: Take action: Empowering bystanders to act on sexist and sexually harassing behaviours, 2019).
Precautionary actions
Actions taken to promote the safety and well-being of students and staff and to minimise the risk of harm to them, and to preserve the capacity of the College to deal effectively with a disclosure or report of sexual assault or sexual harassment.
Any form of Gender-based violence, including sexual assault and sexual harassment is an affront to the dignity of an individual, contrary to biblical patterns of behaviour and totally unacceptable to the College.
The College seeks to provide for its students, staff, volunteers or visitors a safe environment that is free of sexual assault and sexual harassment.The College does this by using reasonable endeavours, including:
Students, staff, volunteers and visitors are required to maintain standards of behaviour set by the College as a condition of enrolment, employment or engagement.
Principles
1. Governance
2. Provision of a safe environment
3. Personal relationships
4. Reporting incidents
5. Response to incidents
6. Disciplinary action
7. Support services
8. Quality management
TEQSA (2019) Report to the Minister for Education: Higher education sector response to the issue of sexual assault and sexual harassment: An overview of Australian higher education provider responses to the issue of sexual assault and sexual harassment. https://www.teqsa.gov.au/student-wellbeing [3]
TEQSA Good Practice Note: Prevention and Response to Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment [4]
TEQSA Guidance Note: Grievance and Complaint Handling [5]
TEQSA Guidance Note: Wellbeing and Safety [6]
TEQSA Material Change Notification Policy [7]
Conflict of interests – personal relationships
https://www.usc.edu.au/about/policies-and-procedures/staff-code-of-conduct-governing-policy [8]
https://policy.federation.edu.au/human_resources/staff_conduct/staff_code_of_conduct/ch01.php [9]
Australian Human Rights Commission, Change the Course: National Report on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment at Australian Universities (2017) [10]
Respect. Now. Always campaign, Universities Australia, (12 February 2016) [11]
Australian University of Theology’s Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Policy, 13 November 2023
Privacy Act 1988
Sex Discrimination Act 1984

Chief Operations Officer
Eastern College Australia is a Christian organisation that upholds biblical precepts by instruction and example. The College is committed to the biblical belief that each person is created in the image of God as a unique individual of dignity and worth. Therefore, the College seeks to ensure that the dignity of every staff member, contractor, volunteer, student and visitor to the College is respected. Staff and students are expected to demonstrate biblical standards of behaviour at all times.
Sexual assault and sexual harassment are unlawful in all States and Territories of Australia under State or Territory legislation and/or under the Commonwealth Sex Discrimination Act, 1984 (as amended in 2011 and again in 2013 to strengthen protections against sexual harassment, including in the workplace). On 3 September 2021, the Sex Discrimination and Fair Work (Respect at Work) Amendment Bill 2021 was passed. The Bill contains important reforms to address sexual harassment in Australian workplaces which were recommended by the Australian Human Rights Commission following its world-leading National Inquiry into Sexual Harassment in Australian Workplaces, Respect@Work [2].
At the time of this Policy review (June 2025), it was considered necessary to address the Australian Government’s National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022–2032[1] and their First Action Plan 2023-2027[2]. In July 2023, Universities Australia also released their report “Primary Prevention of Sexual Harm in the University Sector – Good Practice Guide. The College upholds the principles of the National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022-2032 and will seek to implement the primary prevention activities discussed in the Universities Australia’s Good Practice Guide (July 2023)”[3]. Therefore, the policy has been renamed Gender-based violence (include sexual assault and sexual harm) policy.
The policy presents a framework for providing a safe environment for students and staff in relation to Gender Based Violence (“GBV”) and incidents of sexual assault and sexual harassment. It will outline what behaviours constitute Gender Based Violence, Sexual assault and/or Sexual harassment and set out how the College will respond to such incidents.
This policy applies College-wide, to all staff, contractors, volunteers, students and other stakeholders whether they be an individual, group or organisation when they engage in employment, study or Eastern-related activities on-campus, at Eastern’s events (off-campus), in the online environment or study Eastern’s courses at partner locations.
For behaviour that occurs in other contexts, aspects of this Policy may apply, especially those related to student support, risk management, precautionary actions and disciplinary actions.
Any persons who believe that a person to whom this Policy applies has engaged in GBV, sexual assault or sexual harassment may bring a complaint under this Policy and associated Procedure regardless of the currency of the incident.
GBV, sexual assault and sexual harassment that occurs within marriage as well as other consensual relationships are within the scope of this Policy.
Gender-based violence
Any type of harm that is perpetrated against a person or group of people because of their perceived sex, gender, sexual orientation and/or gender identity. While victims/survivors of gender-based violence can be anyone, it is important to recognise that the majority of victims/survivors are women, girls and LGBTIQA+ people (particularly trans, gender-diverse and non-binary people). Gender-based violence is deeply rooted in gender inequality and the power inequalities that exist between genders, based in a binary understanding of gender. (Primary Prevention of Sexual Harm in the University Sector – Good Practice Guide (July 2023)). Sexual assault and sexual harassment are each specific forms of Gender-based violence and are further defined below.
Sexual assault
Sexual assault includes a range of behaviours, all of which are unacceptable and constitute a crime. Sexual assault occurs when a person is forced, coerced or tricked into sexual acts against their will or without their consent, including when they have withdrawn their consent (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Sexual assault is any physical contact, or intended contact, of a sexual nature without consent, using physical force, intimidation, deceit, or coercion including sexual intercourse, indecent assault, penetration by objects or other sexual activities.
Sexual harassment
While the definition of sexual harassment varies across Australian (and other) jurisdictions, it generally involves an unwelcome sexual advance, unwelcome request for sexual favours or other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature which, in the circumstances, a reasonable person, aware of those circumstances, would anticipate the possibility that the person would feel offended, humiliated, or intimidated (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Sexual harassment may be physical, verbal and can occur online and through media involving information technologies. Sexual harassment may involve unwanted physical contact; such as touching or fondling; staring or leering in a sexual manner; sexually suggestive comments, innuendo or jokes; displaying, sending or circulating sexually explicit pictures or posters; unwanted invitation to go out on dates; unwanted requests for sexual intercourse or sexual contacts; offensive sexual gestures; indecent exposure; intrusive questions about a person’s sexual activities or body; unnecessary familiarity, such as deliberately brushing up against a person; insults or taunts based on the sex of the individual; making promises or threats in relation to sexual favours; conduct of a sexual nature; and sexually explicit telephone calls, emails, SMS text messages, or social media posts and messages.
Some forms of sexual harassment are also criminal behaviour and may be treated as a criminal offence. These include sexual assault; physically touching a person; indecent exposure and obscene phone calls or emails/letters.
Consent to sexual activity
Whilst definitions for consent to sexual activities also vary between jurisdictions, consent is essentially an agreement between people to engage in a sexual activity. Other important elements of consent are that it is mutual, freely given, informed, certain and clear, enthusiastic, reversible, specific and required throughout the activity.
The age of consent[1] to sexual activity varies across Australia and across the world. The age at which a person is able to legally consent to sexual activity is 16 across most parts of Australia, with the exception of South Australia and Tasmania, where the age of consent is 17. The age of consent can also vary across some parts of Australia if there is a relationship of authority between the two parties, such as between someone in a teaching or student service role, where the age of consent then becomes 18 years. Internationally, the age of sexual consent can vary greatly and be as low as 12 years in some countries. It is important that international students receive information about the age of sexual consent in Australia. Students who are from countries where the age of consent to sexual activity is lower than it is in Australia might otherwise assume that the age of consent is the same as in their country of origin (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020). Not saying or not doing anything does not imply consent. Consent cannot be given where a person is unconscious or in a state where they are unable to freely and clearly express consent.(https://kidshelpline.com.au/teens/issues/what-consent [1])
Disclosure
A disclosure involves the sharing of information about an incident with another person. Disclosures can be made to anyone, but usually to someone known and trusted. Disclosures do not necessarily involve formal reporting of the incident but usually seek information and support (UA Guidelines 2018, p.12).
Formal Reporting
Formal reporting is where a formal account or statement is made, and where the person and/or institution has authority to take action if the victim/survivor so wishes or if the circumstances warrant mandatory reporting, including reporting to the Police. Reporting may result from a disclosure, but is not the only possible outcome (UA Guidelines 2018, p.12).
GBV and SASH Contact Officer – First Responder
A Staff member who, as part of their general duties, may provide support and information to anyone who has been subjected to sexual assault or sexual harassment. Where another member of staff has received a report of sexual assault or sexual harassment and is not a first responder, they will provide support and assistance for the reporter to liaise with a First Responder if the reporter wishes to do so (TEQSA Good Practice Note: Preventing and responding to SASH in Australian Higher Education, 2020).
Active Bystander or upstander
Someone who witnesses and intervenes in a situation involving harassment, bullying, abuse or other harmful/ inappropriate behaviour, with the intention to disrupt, or ‘call out’ the behaviour and prevent the behaviour from continuing (VicHealth: Take action: Empowering bystanders to act on sexist and sexually harassing behaviours, 2019).
Precautionary actions
Actions taken to promote the safety and well-being of students and staff and to minimise the risk of harm to them, and to preserve the capacity of the College to deal effectively with a disclosure or report of sexual assault or sexual harassment.
Any form of Gender-based violence, including sexual assault and sexual harassment is an affront to the dignity of an individual, contrary to biblical patterns of behaviour and totally unacceptable to the College.
The College seeks to provide for its students, staff, volunteers or visitors a safe environment that is free of sexual assault and sexual harassment.The College does this by using reasonable endeavours, including:
Students, staff, volunteers and visitors are required to maintain standards of behaviour set by the College as a condition of enrolment, employment or engagement.
Principles
1. Governance
2. Provision of a safe environment
3. Personal relationships
4. Reporting incidents
5. Response to incidents
6. Disciplinary action
7. Support services
8. Quality management
TEQSA (2019) Report to the Minister for Education: Higher education sector response to the issue of sexual assault and sexual harassment: An overview of Australian higher education provider responses to the issue of sexual assault and sexual harassment. https://www.teqsa.gov.au/student-wellbeing [3]
TEQSA Good Practice Note: Prevention and Response to Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment [4]
TEQSA Guidance Note: Grievance and Complaint Handling [5]
TEQSA Guidance Note: Wellbeing and Safety [6]
TEQSA Material Change Notification Policy [7]
Conflict of interests – personal relationships
https://www.usc.edu.au/about/policies-and-procedures/staff-code-of-conduct-governing-policy [8]
https://policy.federation.edu.au/human_resources/staff_conduct/staff_code_of_conduct/ch01.php [9]
Australian Human Rights Commission, Change the Course: National Report on Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment at Australian Universities (2017) [10]
Respect. Now. Always campaign, Universities Australia, (12 February 2016) [11]
Australian University of Theology’s Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Policy, 13 November 2023
Privacy Act 1988
Sex Discrimination Act 1984
Policy Portal
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